US military action against Venezuela will determine whether South America's vast mineral wealth is used to drive a 21st-century energy transition or build up military power to defend 20th-century fossil fuel interests.
The US has launched its first overt attack on an Amazon nation, targeting the government of NicolΓ‘s Maduro in what is perceived as part of an extractivist rivalry with China. The ramifications are far-reaching and not limited to Venezuela's oil reserves. This move sends a message to neighboring leaders that South America is under Washington's thrall.
The US has long been interested in securing access to critical minerals, such as lithium, which is essential for electric car batteries. Brazil is thought to have the world's second biggest deposits of these minerals and already leads production of niobium, needed for high-grade steel. Bolivia has the largest known deposits of lithium, while Chile, Peru, and Colombia are also believed to have significant reserves.
China currently dominates South America in terms of investment in processing facilities and transport infrastructure, largely due to lower tariffs imposed by the Trump administration on US goods. The US is now trying to reverse this situation with military force and interference in domestic politics.
The governments of Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, and Cuba have condemned the US actions as a challenge to regional stability, while several leaders are mobilizing armed forces along their borders with Venezuela.
Colombia's president has vowed to take up arms if threats intensify, particularly after President Trump accused Maduro of making cocaine and selling it to the US. The Colombian leader is facing re-election this year.
Brazil's left-wing president Luiz InΓ‘cio Lula da Silva also faced backlash from the Trump administration last year when he criticized the US for behaving like an emperor. This led to a 50% increase in US tariffs on Brazilian goods, but ultimately boosted Lula's popularity rating.
The US is now prioritizing domestic interests over global cooperation on climate and nature crises, opting instead to push South America into opening its oil spigots wider and securing rare earths and other resources for strengthening the world's largest military. This approach may not achieve its goals, as many leaders in the region are likely to resist being turned into a pantry, mineral deposit, and fuel tank.
The US strategy document emphasizes the need for "God-given natural rights" of its citizens, which may be appealing to some but is seen by others as a doomsday bunker mentality that would harm democracy, people, and the environment.
The US has launched its first overt attack on an Amazon nation, targeting the government of NicolΓ‘s Maduro in what is perceived as part of an extractivist rivalry with China. The ramifications are far-reaching and not limited to Venezuela's oil reserves. This move sends a message to neighboring leaders that South America is under Washington's thrall.
The US has long been interested in securing access to critical minerals, such as lithium, which is essential for electric car batteries. Brazil is thought to have the world's second biggest deposits of these minerals and already leads production of niobium, needed for high-grade steel. Bolivia has the largest known deposits of lithium, while Chile, Peru, and Colombia are also believed to have significant reserves.
China currently dominates South America in terms of investment in processing facilities and transport infrastructure, largely due to lower tariffs imposed by the Trump administration on US goods. The US is now trying to reverse this situation with military force and interference in domestic politics.
The governments of Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, and Cuba have condemned the US actions as a challenge to regional stability, while several leaders are mobilizing armed forces along their borders with Venezuela.
Colombia's president has vowed to take up arms if threats intensify, particularly after President Trump accused Maduro of making cocaine and selling it to the US. The Colombian leader is facing re-election this year.
Brazil's left-wing president Luiz InΓ‘cio Lula da Silva also faced backlash from the Trump administration last year when he criticized the US for behaving like an emperor. This led to a 50% increase in US tariffs on Brazilian goods, but ultimately boosted Lula's popularity rating.
The US is now prioritizing domestic interests over global cooperation on climate and nature crises, opting instead to push South America into opening its oil spigots wider and securing rare earths and other resources for strengthening the world's largest military. This approach may not achieve its goals, as many leaders in the region are likely to resist being turned into a pantry, mineral deposit, and fuel tank.
The US strategy document emphasizes the need for "God-given natural rights" of its citizens, which may be appealing to some but is seen by others as a doomsday bunker mentality that would harm democracy, people, and the environment.