Introduction
Phosphoric acid and ammonia are two compounds that have been extensively used in various industries. Phosphoric acid is a weak acid that is commonly used in fertilizers, food additives, and detergents, while ammonia is a colorless gas that is used in the production of fertilizers, plastics, and explosives. In this article, we will discuss the balanced equation of phosphoric acid and ammonia.
What is a Balanced Equation?
A balanced equation is a chemical equation that shows the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. In other words, a balanced equation follows the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
The Balanced Equation of Phosphoric Acid and Ammonia
The balanced equation of phosphoric acid and ammonia can be represented as follows: 3 H3PO4 + 4 NH3 → (NH4)3PO4 This equation shows that three molecules of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) react with four molecules of ammonia (NH3) to produce one molecule of ammonium phosphate ((NH4)3PO4).
Explanation of the Equation
The balanced equation of phosphoric acid and ammonia can be explained as follows: Phosphoric acid is a triprotic acid, which means that it can donate three protons (H+) in successive steps. In the first step, one proton is donated to ammonia to form the ammonium ion (NH4+), and the phosphate ion (PO43-) is formed. In the second and third steps, two more protons are donated to ammonia to form two more ammonium ions, and two more phosphate ions are formed. The equation also shows that four molecules of ammonia are required to react with three molecules of phosphoric acid. This is because each molecule of ammonia can accept only one proton, while each molecule of phosphoric acid can donate three protons. Finally, the equation shows that one molecule of ammonium phosphate is formed as a result of the reaction. Ammonium phosphate is a salt that is commonly used as a fertilizer.
Applications of Ammonium Phosphate
Ammonium phosphate has several applications, including: 1. Fertilizers – Ammonium phosphate is a common fertilizer that is used to supply plants with nitrogen and phosphorus. 2. Flame retardants – Ammonium phosphate is used as a flame retardant in plastics, textiles, and wood products. 3. Food additives – Ammonium phosphate is used as a food additive to regulate acidity and as a leavening agent in baked goods.
Safety Precautions
Phosphoric acid and ammonia are both hazardous substances that should be handled with care. It is important to wear protective clothing and goggles when handling these chemicals. In addition, they should be stored in a well-ventilated area away from heat and sources of ignition.
Conclusion
The balanced equation of phosphoric acid and ammonia shows that three molecules of phosphoric acid react with four molecules of ammonia to produce one molecule of ammonium phosphate. Ammonium phosphate has several applications, including fertilizers, flame retardants, and food additives. It is important to handle phosphoric acid and ammonia with care and follow safety precautions.