A team of Chinese researchers has made a breakthrough in battery technology by harnessing the unique properties of sulfur to create a highly efficient and cost-effective sodium-sulfur battery. Unlike traditional lithium-ion batteries, which rely on complex chemistry to store energy, this new design uses sulfur as an electron donor, making it more abundant and cheaper than current materials.
The researchers found that pure sulfur forms an eight-atom complex that can release 32 total electrons under the right conditions. By combining sulfur with chlorine and aluminum, they were able to create a cathode that efficiently donates electrons and forms chemical compounds with other materials. This process is crucial for generating power in the battery.
In laboratory tests, the sodium-sulfur battery demonstrated impressive energy per weight, with extremely inexpensive materials. When discharged, the sulfur at the cathode loses electrons and forms sulfur tetrachloride, which combines with sodium ions from an aluminum anode to form a layer of sodium metal. This process allowed the battery to maintain over 95% of its charge even after being idled for 400 days.
The researchers also found that the battery was fairly stable, surviving 1,400 cycles before suffering significant capacity decay. While charging rates did affect the battery's performance, it still outperformed existing sodium-sulfur and sodium-ion batteries.
Perhaps most significantly, the cost of this new technology is estimated to be around $5 per kilowatt-hour of capacity, which is less than a tenth of the cost of current sodium batteries. This could make it an attractive alternative in the future as materials used in existing battery technologies become expensive.
The researchers found that pure sulfur forms an eight-atom complex that can release 32 total electrons under the right conditions. By combining sulfur with chlorine and aluminum, they were able to create a cathode that efficiently donates electrons and forms chemical compounds with other materials. This process is crucial for generating power in the battery.
In laboratory tests, the sodium-sulfur battery demonstrated impressive energy per weight, with extremely inexpensive materials. When discharged, the sulfur at the cathode loses electrons and forms sulfur tetrachloride, which combines with sodium ions from an aluminum anode to form a layer of sodium metal. This process allowed the battery to maintain over 95% of its charge even after being idled for 400 days.
The researchers also found that the battery was fairly stable, surviving 1,400 cycles before suffering significant capacity decay. While charging rates did affect the battery's performance, it still outperformed existing sodium-sulfur and sodium-ion batteries.
Perhaps most significantly, the cost of this new technology is estimated to be around $5 per kilowatt-hour of capacity, which is less than a tenth of the cost of current sodium batteries. This could make it an attractive alternative in the future as materials used in existing battery technologies become expensive.