Introduction
Carbohydrates are one of the essential macronutrients that our body needs. They are an essential source of energy and play a vital role in many biological processes. Carbohydrates consist of three primary subunits that make up their structure. In this article, we will discuss what subunits make up carbohydrates.
Monosaccharides: The Building Blocks of Carbohydrates
The first subunit that makes up carbohydrates is monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and are considered the building blocks of carbohydrates. They are the smallest unit of carbohydrates and cannot be broken down further. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Disaccharides: Two Monosaccharides Linked Together
The second subunit that makes up carbohydrates is disaccharides. Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides join together through a glycosidic bond. Examples of disaccharides include lactose, maltose, and sucrose.
Polysaccharides: Many Monosaccharides Linked Together
The third subunit that makes up carbohydrates is polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are formed when many monosaccharides join together through glycosidic bonds. Examples of polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Functions of Carbohydrates in the Body
Carbohydrates play several essential roles in the body. They provide energy to the body and are the primary source of fuel for the brain and muscles. Carbohydrates also help maintain the proper functioning of the immune system and contribute to the growth and repair of tissues in the body.
Types of Carbohydrates
There are two types of carbohydrates: simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates are made up of one or two sugar molecules and are quickly broken down by the body. Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, are made up of many sugar molecules and take longer to break down.
Importance of Carbohydrates in a Balanced Diet
Carbohydrates are an essential part of a balanced diet. They provide the body with energy and essential nutrients that the body needs to function properly. However, it is important to consume the right types of carbohydrates in the right amounts to maintain a healthy diet.
Conclusion
In conclusion, carbohydrates consist of three primary subunits that make up their structure: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. These subunits play essential roles in the body and provide the body with energy and nutrients. It is important to consume the right types and amounts of carbohydrates to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle.